CTET Chapter on Theory of Motivation in Pedagogy

Chapter on Theory of Motivation in Pedagogy
शिक्षाशास्त्र में प्रेरणा की सिद्धांत के पर अध्याय

This chapter is very important from the point of view of Exam. Here,  we are discussing the important points that are usually asked in exam. We advise aspirants to go through these points thoroughly.

Major Theories of Motivation that are asked in CTET/TET/B.Ed.

1. Instinctive theory of Motivation (प्रेरणा की सहज सिद्धांत)

Meaning of instinct (वृत्ति का अर्थ)

– Coined by Wundt (वुन्द्त द्वारा गढ़ा गया)
– Instinct is the natural behavioral pattern of animals that usually occurs in response to certain kind of stimuli (वृत्ति आमतौर पर जानवरों के प्राकृतिक व्यवहार पैटर्न है जो उत्तेजनाओं का खास तरह का जवाब होता है ।)

– Sigmund Freud developed Instinctive theory (सिगमंड फ्रायड ने सहज सिद्धांत को विकसित किया था). He believed that human behavior is driven by two biological instincts (उन्होंने कहा कि मानव व्यवहार दो जैविक प्रवृत्ति से प्रेरित है):
i. Eros, the life instinct (इरोज , जीवन वृत्ति): It includes sexual motivation ( यहाँ  यौन प्रेरणा को कारक माना जाताहै), and
ii. Thanatos, the death instinct (Thanatos , मौत वृत्ति):It comprises of aggressive motivation (यहाँ आक्रामक प्रेरणा को कारक माना जाता है)

2. Psycho-analytic theory of Motivation (प्रेरणा के मनोवैज्ञानिक विश्लेषणात्मक सिद्धांत)

– Given by Sigmund Freud (सिगमंड फ्रायड द्वारा दिया गया)
– stressed that unconscious mind is the main cause of human behavior  (उन्होंने मानव व्यवहार का मुख्य कारणअचेतन मन को बताया)
–  this theory has told about three parts to the personality. (इस सिद्धांत में व्यक्तित्व को तीन भागों में विभाजित किया गया है): id, superego, and ego where id is the first to develop, the ego is second, and the superego is the last to develop.

3. Behaviouristic theory of Motivation (प्रेरणा का व्यवहार सिद्धांत)

– Given by Skinner (स्किनर द्वारा द्वारा दिया गया)
– Skinner is regarded as the father of Operant Conditioning (स्किनर को कंडीशनिंग के पिता के रूप में माना जाता है), but his work was based on Thorndike’s law of effect (लेकिन स्किनर का काम Thorndike के प्रभाव  के कानून पर आधारित था)
– Operant Conditioning deals with oprants ( स्फूर्त अनुकूलन operants के साथ जुड़ा हुआ है) – intentional actions that have an effect on the surrounding environment
– Skinner Performed Operant Conditioning on Pigeons(स्किनर ने कबूतर पर कंडीशनिंग प्रदर्शन किया था)

4. Meslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory of Motivation (Meslow की आवश्यकता प्रेरणा के पदानुक्रम थ्योरी)

– Maslow’s model consist total of 8 levels
– The top-most level is Physiological Model (शारीरिक मॉडल) which consists of basic needs of a human being like food, clothes, shelter and safety needs while the last level in this model is Transcendence Model (अतिक्रमण मॉडल)

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Some Important Pedagogy Topics

CTET induces Child Development & Pedagogy as a subject to analyse a candidates knowledge & awareness about Child Development Concepts & various teaching methods, areas of challenges & effective means to impart quality teaching to pupil. In this effort, Competition Gurukul is presenting you some of the frequently asked conceptual questions from Pedagogy Section in this blog

Some Important Thinkers & Their Teaching Methods

S.No.	Important Theories	Their Founder Thinkers
1.	Herbert Theory	Herbert
2.	Project Theory	Kilpatrick
3.	Dalton Theory (Imp.)	Helen Parkhust
4.	Kinder Garten Theory (Imp.)	Frobel
5.	Montessori Theory	Maria Montessori
6.	Deductive Theory (Imp.)	Aristotle
7.	Inductive Theory (Imp.)	Aristotle
8.	Question-Answer Method	Socrates
9.	Heuristic Theory	Armstrong
10.	Garry Theory	Advert
11.	Venetica	Dr. Karlten Washwarn
12.	Votivia	Jon Kennedy

Different School of Philosophy  in Pedagogyशिक्षाशास्त्र में दर्शन के विभिन्न स्कूल

1. Idealism (आदर्शवाद)

Hegel – Father of Idealismहेगेल- आदर्शवाद के पिता

Key Points about idealism (आदर्शवाद के बारे में महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी)i. Given by Hegel although coined by Platoii. Plato believed that there are two worlds- one is internal or mental world (आंतरिक या मानसिक दुनिया) which is eternal (सनातन), permanent (स्थायी), ordered , regular (नियमित) and universal (सार्वभौमिक) while the other is external world or world of appearances (दिखावे की दुनिया) which is keeps changes regularly and is not permanent
iii. Character development (चरित्र के निर्माण) is achieved through imitation of examples and heroes.

Plato – प्लेटो

2. Realism (यथार्थवाद)

Aristotle – Father of Realismअरस्तू – यथार्थवाद के पिता

Key Points about realism (यथार्थवाद के बारे में महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी)i. Given by Aristotle (अरस्तू), student of Platoii. His ideas were in contrast to his mentor Plato. He believed that the development of a child is possible through the physical development and one should believe on the things that is real & that has physical appearance rather than any eternal thought as was believed by Plato. He is thus known as the father of logical & scientific reasoningiii. Character development (चरित्र के निर्माण) is achieved through training in conduct of teaching.

3. Pragmatism/Experimentalism (प्रयोगवाद)

John Dewey- Father of Experimentalismजॉन डूई – प्रयोगवाद के पिता

Key Points about pragmatism (प्रयोगवाद के बारे में महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी)i. Given by John Dewey (जॉन डूई)ii. He believed that the children can be better taught through experiments & practical approach. He supported the working of children in groups since working in groups teach important qualities among children – group work help children to cooperate, coordinate and help in critical thinking & analysis.
iii. Here, Character development (चरित्र के निर्माण) is achieved through groups’ responsibility in taking decision in the light of consequences.

4. Existentialism  (अस्तित्ववाद)

Søren Kierkegaard – Father of Existentialismसोरेन Kierkegaard – अस्तित्ववाद के पिता

Key Points about existentialism (अस्तित्ववाद के बारे में महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी)i. Given by Søren Kierkegaard (सोरेन Kierkegaard) 
ii. He believed that the children should be taught to identify themselves. They should learn how to solve a particular problem by themselves. They should learn to take comprehensive decisions by themselves.
iii. Here, Character development (चरित्र के निर्माण) is achieved through individual’s responsibility to take decision rather than depending on external authority.

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Competition Gurukul is a premier institute for CTET Coaching. You can visit our center to register your slot. You will be guided by our counsellor from Monday to Saturday at scheduled timing of 9 AM to 8 PM.

For More Information Contact

Competition Gurukul
A-1/17, Janakpuri, Main Najafgarh Road,
Opp Metro Pillar 636, New Delhi – 110058