Some Important Pedagogy Topics

CTET induces Child Development & Pedagogy as a subject to analyse a candidates knowledge & awareness about Child Development Concepts & various teaching methods, areas of challenges & effective means to impart quality teaching to pupil. In this effort, Competition Gurukul is presenting you some of the frequently asked conceptual questions from Pedagogy Section in this blog

Some Important Thinkers & Their Teaching Methods

S.No.	Important Theories	Their Founder Thinkers
1.	Herbert Theory	Herbert
2.	Project Theory	Kilpatrick
3.	Dalton Theory (Imp.)	Helen Parkhust
4.	Kinder Garten Theory (Imp.)	Frobel
5.	Montessori Theory	Maria Montessori
6.	Deductive Theory (Imp.)	Aristotle
7.	Inductive Theory (Imp.)	Aristotle
8.	Question-Answer Method	Socrates
9.	Heuristic Theory	Armstrong
10.	Garry Theory	Advert
11.	Venetica	Dr. Karlten Washwarn
12.	Votivia	Jon Kennedy

Different School of Philosophy  in Pedagogyशिक्षाशास्त्र में दर्शन के विभिन्न स्कूल

1. Idealism (आदर्शवाद)

Hegel – Father of Idealismहेगेल- आदर्शवाद के पिता

Key Points about idealism (आदर्शवाद के बारे में महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी)i. Given by Hegel although coined by Platoii. Plato believed that there are two worlds- one is internal or mental world (आंतरिक या मानसिक दुनिया) which is eternal (सनातन), permanent (स्थायी), ordered , regular (नियमित) and universal (सार्वभौमिक) while the other is external world or world of appearances (दिखावे की दुनिया) which is keeps changes regularly and is not permanent
iii. Character development (चरित्र के निर्माण) is achieved through imitation of examples and heroes.

Plato – प्लेटो

2. Realism (यथार्थवाद)

Aristotle – Father of Realismअरस्तू – यथार्थवाद के पिता

Key Points about realism (यथार्थवाद के बारे में महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी)i. Given by Aristotle (अरस्तू), student of Platoii. His ideas were in contrast to his mentor Plato. He believed that the development of a child is possible through the physical development and one should believe on the things that is real & that has physical appearance rather than any eternal thought as was believed by Plato. He is thus known as the father of logical & scientific reasoningiii. Character development (चरित्र के निर्माण) is achieved through training in conduct of teaching.

3. Pragmatism/Experimentalism (प्रयोगवाद)

John Dewey- Father of Experimentalismजॉन डूई – प्रयोगवाद के पिता

Key Points about pragmatism (प्रयोगवाद के बारे में महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी)i. Given by John Dewey (जॉन डूई)ii. He believed that the children can be better taught through experiments & practical approach. He supported the working of children in groups since working in groups teach important qualities among children – group work help children to cooperate, coordinate and help in critical thinking & analysis.
iii. Here, Character development (चरित्र के निर्माण) is achieved through groups’ responsibility in taking decision in the light of consequences.

4. Existentialism  (अस्तित्ववाद)

Søren Kierkegaard – Father of Existentialismसोरेन Kierkegaard – अस्तित्ववाद के पिता

Key Points about existentialism (अस्तित्ववाद के बारे में महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी)i. Given by Søren Kierkegaard (सोरेन Kierkegaard) 
ii. He believed that the children should be taught to identify themselves. They should learn how to solve a particular problem by themselves. They should learn to take comprehensive decisions by themselves.
iii. Here, Character development (चरित्र के निर्माण) is achieved through individual’s responsibility to take decision rather than depending on external authority.

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